Results: Implement namespaced, type-safe results.

Because I was working on multiple things at once, this commit also:
- Adds wrappers for/linker flags to wrap CXX exceptions to make them
  abort. This saves ~0x8000 of memory in every system module.
- Broadly replaces lines of the pattern if (cond) { return ResultX; }
  with R_UNLESS(!cond, ResultX());.
- Reworks the R_TRY_CATCH macros (and the result macros in general).

stratosphere/loader/source/ldr_main.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ namespace sts::ams {
 
 }
 
+namespace sts::result {
+
+    bool CallFatalOnResultAssertion = false;
+
+}
+
 using namespace sts;
 
 void __libnx_exception_handler(ThreadExceptionDump *ctx) {